Kai-man Kwan
“Moral Arguments for the Existence of God [addendum].” In Donald Borchert, ed.,
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol.6, 2nd edition (Detroit: Macmillan
Reference USA, 2006), pp. 358-60.
MORAL ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
[ADDENDUM].
The moral argument purports to show that
the evidence from our moral experience supports the existence of God. From the
1970s onward, various forms of moral argument continue to be developed by many
philosophers. While the defenders argue with increased sophistication, they
also tend to make more modest claims about the force of the moral argument.
Moral Arguments as Abductive and
Cumulative Arguments
If the moral argument is construed as a
deductive argument which moves from, say, the objectivity of moral values to
the existence of God, then to rebut the argument, the critic only needs to show
that the objectivity of moral values and the non-existence of God are logically
compatible. This is a relatively easy task. However, developments in
epistemology and philosophy of science since the 1960s lead many to think that
it is more realistic to look for an abductive argument in most areas of
inquiry. We can also formulate the moral argument as an abductive argument, or
an inference to the best explanation, i.e., to argue that among diverse
worldviews, the theistic worldview is the best explanation of, say, the
objectivity of morals, especially in contrast with naturalism.